Astigmatism is a common refractive error that occurs when the cornea or lens of the eye has an irregular shape. Normally, the cornea is spherical like a basketball, allowing light to focus evenly on the retina. However, with astigmatism, the cornea has an oval shape, more like a rugby, causing light to focus at multiple points in the eye. This results in blurry or distorted vision, both at near and far distances. It can occur along with other refractive errors like myopia (shortsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness).
Astigmatism can result from genetic factors, past eye injuries or surgeries, and certain eye conditions.
Patients often report experiencing blurred vision, shadows, or overlapping images. They may also confuse similar-looking numbers, such as mistaking a 6 for an 8. Like other uncorrected refractive errors, this can cause squinting, difficulty focusing, and may lead to eye strain, headaches, or fatigue.
Astigmatism can be effectively corrected with prescription glasses. Glasses help redirect light so it focuses properly on the retina, providing clear vision. Wearing glasses does not worsen your astigmatism, they are an optical aid to help you see clearer. An increase in astigmatism can be caused by natural age-related changes, eye injuries or surgeries, and certain medical or eye conditions.
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